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The name England derived from the 5th & 6th century German tribe the Angles; one of the many groups of peoples who invaded and then settled here.
Despite the Angles being the people to give England it's name, perhaps not surprisingly it is the Norman Conquest
of 1066 led by William the Conquerer that is the best known invasion of Engalnd and is studied around the world.
A rather lesser known fact is that from the Norman invasion until the mid-14th Century French was the official language of England; and remained in use by the general populace even after it was no longer the official language. In fact modern English is, in actuality, a mix of Anglo-Saxon, Norse, French and Latin.